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Hexagonal lattices with basis

Scattering from two hexagonal close packed layers of spheres.

  • The sample is made of spherical particles deposited on a substrate.
  • These $10$-nanometer-radius particles are positioned in a hexagonal close packed structure:
    • each layer is generated using a two-dimensional hexagonal lattice with a lattice length of $20$ nm and its $a$-axis parallel to the $x$-axis of the reference Cartesian frame.
    • the vertical stacking is done by specifying the position of a “seeding” particle for each layer: $(0,0,0)$ for the first layer and $(R,R,\sqrt{3}R)$ for the second layer, $R$ being the radius of the spherical particle.
  • The wavelength is equal to 0.1 nm.
  • The incident angles are $\alpha_i = 0.2 ^{\circ}$ and $\varphi_i = 0^{\circ}$.

Real-space model

Intensity image

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#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Spheres on two hexagonal close packed layers
"""
import bornagain as ba
from bornagain import ba_plot as bp, deg, nm, R3


def get_sample():
    """
    Returns a sample with spheres on a substrate,
    forming two hexagonal close packed layers.
    """

    # Define materials
    material_Particle = ba.RefractiveMaterial("Particle", 0.0006, 2e-08)
    material_Substrate = ba.RefractiveMaterial("Substrate", 6e-06, 2e-08)
    material_Vacuum = ba.RefractiveMaterial("Vacuum", 0, 0)

    # Define form factors
    ff_1 = ba.Sphere(10*nm)
    ff_2 = ba.Sphere(10*nm)

    # Define particles
    particle_1 = ba.Particle(material_Particle, ff_1)
    particle_2 = ba.Particle(material_Particle, ff_2)
    particle_2_position = R3(10*nm, 10*nm, 17.3205080757*nm)
    particle_2.translate(particle_2_position)

    # Define composition of particles at specific positions
    basis = ba.Compound()
    basis.addComponent(particle_1)
    basis.addComponent(particle_2)

    # Define 2D lattices
    lattice = ba.HexagonalLattice2D(20*nm, 0)

    # Define interference functions
    iff = ba.Interference2DLattice(lattice)
    iff_pdf = ba.Profile2DCauchy(10*nm, 10*nm, 0)
    iff.setDecayFunction(iff_pdf)

    # Define particle layouts
    layout = ba.ParticleLayout()
    layout.addParticle(basis)
    layout.setInterference(iff)
    layout.setTotalParticleSurfaceDensity(0.00288675134595)

    # Define layers
    layer_1 = ba.Layer(material_Vacuum)
    layer_1.addLayout(layout)
    layer_2 = ba.Layer(material_Substrate)

    # Define sample
    sample = ba.MultiLayer()
    sample.addLayer(layer_1)
    sample.addLayer(layer_2)

    return sample


def get_simulation(sample):
    beam = ba.Beam(1e9, 0.1*nm, 0.2*deg)
    n = bp.simargs['n']
    detector = ba.SphericalDetector(n, -1*deg, 1*deg, n, 0, 1*deg)
    simulation = ba.ScatteringSimulation(beam, sample, detector)
    return simulation


if __name__ == '__main__':
    bp.parse_args(sim_n=200)
    sample = get_sample()
    simulation = get_simulation(sample)
    result = simulation.simulate()
    bp.plot_simulation_result(result)
Examples/scatter2d/HexagonalLatticesWithBasis.py